Buying Tests

Open To Buy — Advanced

Multi-door OTB, contingency reserves, ladder and scenario planning, GMROI-linked receipts, import versus domestic phasing, fast-fashion cadence, ERP reconciliation, MOQ and pre-pack constraints, phantom inventory, and governance. Mix of single-answer and multiple-answer items.

Open To Buy — Intermediate

Rolling OTB, retail-to-cost planning, weeks-of-supply targets, lead-time receipt phasing, reforecast triggers, markdown and shrink in plans, in-transit inventory, negative OTB, and class-to-SKU allocation. Mix of single-answer and multiple-answer items.

Open To Buy — Beginner

Foundations of retail Open-to-Buy: planned sales, inventory targets, receipts planning, on-order commitments, category budgets, merchandising calendars, and stock-to-sales basics. Mix of single-answer and multiple-answer items.

Seasonality — Advanced

Portfolio seasonal risk, forecast methods, commodity hedging, JBP clauses, omnichannel allocation, climate volatility, carrying-cost math, scenario planning, residual inventory, OTB governance, and post-season analytics. Mix of single-answer and multiple-answer items.

Seasonality — Intermediate

Seasonal indexes, store clustering, size curves, cancelation windows, in-season KPIs, forward-buy trade-offs, chase discipline, markdown ladders, and comp adjustments for shifted holidays. Mix of single-answer and multiple-answer items.

Seasonality — Beginner

Foundations of seasonal retail buying: demand peaks, pre-season vs in-season orders, sell-through, floor-set timing, OTB basics, markdown timing, and last-year review. Mix of single-answer and multiple-answer items.

Vendor Negotiation (Retail) — Advanced

Strategic retail supplier negotiation: portfolio balancing, FX and index-linked pricing, sustainability and social compliance, IP and exclusivity enforcement, joint business planning, crisis renegotiation, omnichannel allocation, and governance of chargeback disputes. Mix of single-answer and multiple-answer items.

Vendor Negotiation (Retail) — Intermediate

Applied retail supplier negotiation: fill-rate penalties, price protection, co-op and slotting, exclusivity, chargebacks, OTIF, promotional buys, multi-door allocations, and total landed cost trade-offs. Mix of single-answer and multiple-answer items.

Vendor Negotiation (Retail) — Beginner

Foundations of retail supplier negotiation: MOQ, payment terms, lead time, allowances, prep and BATNA, basic freight terms, term sheets, and weak-offer red flags. Mix of single-answer and multiple-answer items.