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Advanced integration topics: grid codes, cannibalization, CfDs, ancillary services, sector coupling, interconnection queues, hybrid optimization, and revenue stacking for renewable portfolios.
Grid integration, curtailment, merit-order effects, corporate PPAs, resource assessment, hybrid plants, and market signals that shape renewable project economics.
Foundations of renewable electricity: solar, wind, and hydro; capacity versus energy; intermittency; grid basics; and how renewables differ from fossil generation in markets.
Advanced tariff design and billing concepts for energy and telecom: marginal cost pricing, revenue decoupling, RTP and critical peak pricing, telecom interconnection and termination, bill shock mitigation, tariff schedule compliance, and regulatory test years. Mix of single-answer and multiple-answer items; multi-select questions ask you to select every correct statement.
Intermediate energy and telecom tariff literacy: unbundled bill components, time-of-use and tiered blocks, pass-through adjustments, wholesale–retail margins, fair usage on broadband, and reading tariff schedules. Mix of single-answer and multiple-answer items; multi-select questions ask you to select every correct statement.
Foundations of energy and telecom tariffs: unit rates, standing charges, time-of-use blocks, mobile plan allowances, and how common line items on a bill relate to network versus usage. Mix of single-answer and multiple-answer items; multi-select questions ask you to select every correct statement.
Scarcity pricing, security-constrained economic dispatch, ancillary services co-optimization, inertia and fast frequency response, capacity mechanisms, and multi-market coupling under high renewable penetration.
Balancing markets, merit order, reserves, forecast error, price-responsive demand, and how variable renewables reshape daily supply–demand profiles.
Foundations of electricity supply and demand: load, generation, real-time balance, peak vs off-peak, and why the grid must match consumption with output.
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